Retrospective cohort study of COVID patients exposed to mechanical ventilation by any of the 11 New York public hospitals versus the 239 other non-public New York hospitals during 2020, which was the first year that the COVID pandemic became known to the public. The primary outcome variable was mortality (total and per 100) among mechanically ventilated COVID patients treated in one of the 11 New York public hospitals.

Most ventilator-associated deaths occurred in patients over age 50 (86%), were non-white (83%, Black, Asian, Hispanic, Other), and
males outnumbered females by over 2 times.

During three-months early in the COVID outbreak (i.e., March, April, and May of 2020), within the 11 public hospitals in New York, patients diagnosed with COVID and placed on mechanical ventilation died before being discharged from the ICU at mortality rates of at least 2-times greater than the months before and after those three months (i.e., in March- 257/291, or 88% mortality, in April- 1286/1569, or 82% mortality, and in May- 281/498, or 56% mortality, with surrounding-month mortality rates averaging only 24% mortality for ventilated patients)

https://greerjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/ECF-1-2023-10-5-2023-Greer-v-Elsevier-EX-1.pdf