Age of Consent Around the World – Who is a Child?
Just for a little perspective on the whole debate about what other cultures consider child sex, this post will simply show what the age of consent is across the globe. The range begins as low as 11 years old in Nigeria and runs as high as 21 in Bahrain. In countries that specify “must be married” such as Iran and Pakistan the age of consent can actually be below 11 if the woman has reached puberty and can produce children.
We need to understand the distinctions here since a child is not considered a child in every culture once she has reached puberty or a marriagable age. Westerners may find this objectionable but tradition dictates the rules and the case could be made without much argument since lifespans were quite a bit lower in the past. If you were not expected to reach or exceed 40 years of age then starting a family at age 11 was not condemned by the society.
Even today, the real age of consent in Ethiopia is about 12 years although women marry and start families even younger than that despite the laws of the country stipulating its 18 in line with the majority Western view. On this last point I am speaking from the position of personal knowledge. My wife’s mother was married at age 11 in the Amhara region of Ethiopia and produced 8 children before she reached 20. Her husband was 20 years her senior which is another way of saying he was 31 when they wed. He became a father of a large family and was not seen as a criminal. All completely normal in a traditional society. Nobody even questions that here.
My point obviously is we need to keep our perspectives on who is a female child and who is actually a mother in waiting when it comes to young women. Within the context of family formation in traditional societies, what seems foreign in the West is completely normal elsewhere. Older men do indeed marry much younger women. Its been going on for thousands of years and its not some kind of perversion. Those men are not pedophiles. Neither are the girls being sexually exploited. The objective is to start a family. As you can see from the chart there is a very wide latitude in viewpoints depending on the cultural background of the society in question.
From a practical point of view, raising the age of consent and delaying marriage (and thus early childbirth in most cases) has the effect of lowering fertility rates. Just as does the conventional wisdom that young women should get a broad based education such as a 4 or 6 year degree and then find themselves in the workforce before seriously considering marriage. So the agenda becomes apparent when looked at through that lens. Delaying sexual relations, adding on years of education and work experience and stunting relationships between the sexes actually results in reduced population growth. And that is another of the feminist agendas which have been quite successful from the numbers point of view. For women themselves however it has led to a life of lonliness as many never mate or marry at all anymore and they seem to have little awareness of why their lives did not work out as they imagined.
https://www.ageofconsent.net/world
You provide excellent context but leave the issue implied rather than spelled out. The main point is whether the younger age women were entering into a marriage to have children in the context of a family as oppossed to being abused by an older male just for sexual gratification (rape). So as you lay out, it isn’t the age so much as the relationship. It dosn’t matter if the women(girl) is 12 or 30) it is the nature of the relationship and relative context.
Yes exactly Chartsmaster. My commentary is just to add some context to the discussion. This is not promoting child abuse but rather pointing out what is historically normal in some parts of the world as a way to frame the discussion in a slightly different light since a lot of people seem to be losing the thread as they obsess on age rather than intent. I certainly support punishments reerved for child molestors and rapists (of which there seems to be many lately). But not all relationships between older men and younger women are to be condemned. Not in the parts of the world I live anyway where a man cannot even marry until he has proven he can support a family. In Egypt for example a man is expected to be a homeowner before he can take a bride. Some are waiting until they are in their late 40’s before even qualifying. And this is part of the reason older men seek young women of child bearing age. It is considered completely normal.
Excellent Post and perspective Farmer and an excellent point Chartsmaster
Fulfillment for a woman can come from family or vocation. Western women want both.
Financial security can come from a husband or career. But its more certain with a career and in the West, men and women have become more fickle. Ie, marriages are insecure.
The map tends to illustrate two sources for the divide, one industrialized vs agricultural? And two, where do male power structures remain vs where they have eroded? Ie, who decides and when?
So the question boils down to this for me, at what age can a woman realistically choose her own course in life, and do these laws provide for that by protecting her options? Outside of simply following local tradition, I think its rare for men or women to know what they want before the age of 20. These days, 30 is more realistic in the West. But exceptions certainly exist, and laws should allow for “declarations of free will” and not one size fits all at any particular age. My personal take is that these laws (or guidelines perhaps) should be in terms of age differences (maybe even in percentage terms like 25%), not a specified statutory age. Allow exceptions but involve an advocate for the woman.
Thanks everyone. Hopefully this post today added something useful to the discussion.
Farmer…a couple of questions
When we talk about age of consent in the cultures that use 11 year olds.
Who does the consenting ? The 11 year old girl ? Can she say “No” and does No mean No ? Is it her parents who do the consenting ?
if they consent but the girl resists…what happens ?
Also what about 11 year old boys…can they have sex and babies with 11 year old Girls. Can they Marry them ?
In this culture an 11 year old girl can become a grandmother at 22 ..a great grandmother at 33..and so forth
You could literally have 7 generations all living at the same time and maybe even together .
Yes Fully, they do have multiple generations under a single roof here. Completely normal. Keep in mind there is no social safety net. That is the number one reason that families in rural Africa are still large. So there is a component to this story that is economic and high birth rates are often driven by poverty. Parents need a lot of kids to support them when they get old. It might have been different had Africans benefitted from industrialization and the kind of growth seen in the West. But alas, the model of the worlds stronger nations has been exploitative for centuries and Africans primarily remain hewers of wood and carriers of water. Their resource base is stripped by the West (Europeans in particular) and their governments are corrupted to keep it all liquid. Colonization has been extremely harmful over the long term.
Regarding consent, you need to change your way of thinking to understand why these kinds of marriages work. The first thing to know is that women run the household in African countries. So a woman, despite her young age is granted considerable authority as soon as she marries with regard to bringing in children and keeping the home. Men work and bring the cash but the wives ultimately have more power as they will manage the daily finances, do almost all the shopping, prepare meals, take authority over the servants if there are any (there are servants in most middle class homes btw) and bring up the kids. The husbands role in the home is minimal. He eats, sleeps and goes back to work each day. So don’t imagine that these young brides are powerless Fully. You may think of them as kids because of their young age but reality diverges from your Western viewpoint in more ways than you imagine. They are not victims and it is still their choice to agree to marry or not.
Actually Fully, there are obvious downsides to this age old practice. I cannot really defend it but its not my place to decide because its the tradition here and therefore usually beyond our normal reasoning. Let me just say that I have witnessed it first hand and the practice of marrying off girls as young as 10 or 12 is quite common. Who are we to judge what others do?
Wow…a real eye opener Farmer
Thanks for the level headed explanations
Amazing really