What are those IMF surcharges? They are very rarely seen on the web, and for good reason: the IMF does not communicate about them. It is almost impossible to find references on the subject in French, and there are very few in English. How much do they amount to? What countries are impacted? Here is a quick overview of a mechanism that adds to the burden of already vulnerable countries.

https://www.cadtm.org/IMF-surcharges-or-surtaxes-How-in-total-opacity-the-International-Monetary